1. Apple Mobile Device Recovery Mode Driver Not Found

Two modern-day smartphones: a (left) and an (right) A smartphone is a handheld with a and an integrated connection for, and data communication; most if not all smartphones also support. Smartphones are typically pocket-sized, as opposed to, which are much larger in size. They are able to run a variety of, known as “”.

Most basic apps (e.g. Event calendar, camera, web browser) come pre-installed with the system, while others are available for download from places like the. Apps can receive and gain through; similarly, are able to. Modern smartphones have a with a that covers the front surface and enables the user to use a to type and press to activate ' features. Is now a common theme amongst most smartphones.

When I open iTunes my iPhone 4S will not show up as a device. I have tried the advice. As far as I know the Apple Mobile Device USB Driver is not installed on my computer. I have tried to. Windows found driver software for your device but encountered an error while attempting to install it. Apple Mobile. Apple Mobile Device Service is one of the components of iTunes, which is used to recognize and communicate with iOS devices such as iPhone, iPad, iPod that are connected to the computer. Without Apple Mobile Device Service, iPhone, iPad, iPod cannot be detected and synced with iTunes.

Today, smartphones largely fulfill most people's needs for a, and, a, handheld, an address book, note-taking, an event calendar, etc. Typical smartphones will include one or more of the following:,. Since 2010, smartphones adopted integrated, such as, and ). Most smartphones produced from 2012 onward have high-speed mobile broadband capability. In 1999, the Japanese firm released the first smartphones to achieve mass adoption within a country. Smartphones became widespread in the late 2000s, following the release of the. In the third quarter of 2012, one billion smartphones were in use worldwide.

Global smartphone sales surpassed the sales figures for in early 2013. The first caller identification receiver (1971). The first integration of data signals with telephony was conceptualized by in 1909 and pioneered by beginning in 1968 with his work on transmission of electronic data through telephone lines. In 1971, while he was working with in, Paraskevakos demonstrated a and that provided additional ways to communicate with remote equipment. This formed the original basis for what is now known as. The first caller ID equipment was installed at Peoples' Telephone Company in and was demonstrated to several telephone companies. The original and historic working models are still in the possession of Paraskevakos.

Forerunner. And charging base (1994). The first commercially available device that could be properly referred to as a 'smartphone' began as a prototype called 'Angler' developed by in 1992 while at and demonstrated in November of that year at the computer industry trade show. A refined version was marketed to consumers in 1994 by under the name. In addition to placing and receiving cellular calls, the touch screen-equipped Simon could send and receive and. It included an address book, calendar, appointment scheduler, calculator, world time clock and notepad, as well as other visionary mobile applications such as maps, stock reports and news. The term 'smart phone' or 'smartphone' was not coined until a year after the introduction of the Simon, appearing in print as early as 1995, describing AT&T's PhoneWriter Communicator.

PDA/phone hybrids. Main article: In the mid-late 1990s, many people who had mobile phones carried a separate dedicated device, running early versions of operating systems such as, or /. These operating systems would later evolve into early. Most of the 'smartphones' in this era were hybrid devices that combined these existing familiar PDA OSes with basic phone hardware. The results were devices that were bulkier than either dedicated mobile phones or PDAs, but allowed a limited amount of cellular Internet access.

The trend at the time, however, that manufacturers competed on in both mobile phones and PDAs was to make devices smaller and slimmer. The bulk of these smartphones combined with their high cost and expensive data plans, plus other drawbacks such as expansion limitations and decreased battery life compared to separate standalone devices, generally limited their popularity to ' and business users who needed portable connectivity. In March 1996, released the, a modified palmtop PC with a mobile phone onto it and -based software to support it. It had a 640×200 resolution CGA compatible four-shade gray-scale LCD screen and could be used to place and receive calls, and to create and receive text messages, emails and faxes. It was also 100% 5.0 compatible, allowing it to run thousands of existing software titles, including early versions of. The Nokia 9000 Communicator (right) and the updated 9110 model (left) In August 1996, released the, a digital cellular PDA based on the with an integrated system based on the operating system from.

The two components were attached by a hinge in what became known as a, with the display above and a physical below. The PDA provided e-mail; calendar, address book, calculator and notebook applications; text-based Web browsing; and could send and receive faxes. When closed, the device could be used as a digital cellular telephone. In June 1999 released the 'pdQ Smartphone', a digital smartphone with an integrated PDA and Internet connectivity. Subsequent landmark devices included:.

The (2000). The first device marketed as a 'smartphone', it was the first -based phone, with PDA functionality and limited Web browsing on a utilizing a. Users could not install their own software on the device, however. The (early 2001), a dual-nature device with a separate PDA operating system and CDMA mobile phone firmware. It supported limited Web browsing with the PDA software treating the phone hardware as an attached modem. 's (2002), the first smartphone that fully integrated the on a GSM mobile phone having telephony, SMS messaging and Internet access built in to the OS. The 180 model had a thumb-type keyboard and the version had a handwriting recognition area, instead.

Mass adoption in Japan In 1999, the Japanese firm released the first smartphones to achieve mass adoption within a country. These phones ran on, which provided data transmission speeds up to 9.6 kbit/s. Unlike future generations of wireless services, NTT DoCoMo's i-mode used, a language which restricted some aspects of traditional in favor of increasing data speed for the devices.

Limited functionality, small screens and limited bandwidth allowed for phones to use the slower data speeds available. The rise of i-mode helped NTT DoCoMo accumulate an estimated 40 million subscribers by the end of 2001. It was also ranked first in market capitalization in Japan and second globally. This power would later wane in the face of the rise of 3G and new phones with advanced wireless network capabilities. Early smartphones outside Japan. Several smartphones, which were highly popular in the mid-late 2000s.

Smartphones were still rare outside Japan until the introduction of the in 2002, which saw moderate success among U.S. Consumers as the Sidekick. Later, in the mid-2000s, business users in the U.S. Started to adopt devices based on Microsoft's, and then smartphones from. American users popularized the term 'CrackBerry' in 2006 due to the BlackBerry's addictive nature.

Outside the U.S. And Japan, Nokia was seeing success with its smartphones based on, originally developed by for their personal organisers, and it was the most popular smartphone OS in during the middle to late 2000s. Initially, Nokia's Symbian smartphones were focused on business with the, similar to Windows Mobile and BlackBerry devices at the time. From 2006 onwards, Nokia started producing consumer-focused smartphones, popularized by the entertainment-focused. In Asia, with the exception of Japan, the trend was similar to that of Europe.

Until 2010 Symbian was the world's most widely used smartphone operating system. Form factor shift. The original.

Its introduction contributed to the steady rise of smartphones that feature large touchscreen interfaces without physical keypads. In the early to mid 2000s, it was common for smartphones to have a physical numeric keypad or keyboard in either a candybar or sliding form factor. At that time, many smartphones had resistive touchscreens, which allowed for input with a stylus in addition to fingers, thus allowing the entry of Asian characters. In early 2007, introduced the, the first smartphone to use a interface. (A year prior the was the first mobile phone released with a large capacitive touchscreen, but it was not a smartphone, and its screen was not multi-touch.) The iPhone was notable for abandoning the use of a stylus, keyboard, or keypad typical for smartphones at the time, in favor of a large touchscreen for direct finger input as its main means of interaction.

Though one columnist described the initial iPhone as 'not a smartphone by conventional terms, being that a smartphone is a platform device that allows software to be installed,' the opening of Apple's a year later not only satisfied this requirement, but it became the new main paradigm for smartphone software and. In October 2008, the first phone to use 's called the (also known as the T-Mobile G1) was released. It also had a large touchscreen, but still retained a slide-out physical keyboard. Later versions of Android added and then improved on-screen keyboard support, and physical keyboards on Android devices quickly became rare. Although Android's adoption was relatively slow at first, it started to gain widespread popularity in 2010, and in early 2012 dominated the smartphone market share worldwide, which continues to this day.

The and phones with their changed smartphone and led to the decline of earlier, keyboard- and keypad-focused platforms., for instance, discontinued Windows Mobile and started a new touchscreen-oriented OS from scratch, called. Nokia abandoned Symbian and partnered with Microsoft to use Windows Phone on its smartphones. Windows Phone became the third-most-popular smartphone OS, before being replaced by, which declined in share to become 'largely irrelevant' at less than 0.5% of the smartphone market. Palm replaced their with, which was bought by Hewlett-Packard and later sold to for use on LG., formerly known as Research In Motion, made a new platform based on, with which it was possible to control a device without having to press any physical buttons; this platform was later discontinued. By the mid 2010s, almost all smartphones were touchscreen-only, and and smartphones dominated the market. Technological developments in the 2010s In 2013, launched its first 'socially ethical' smartphone at the to address concerns regarding the sourcing of materials in the manufacturing. In late 2013, QSAlpha commenced production of a smartphone designed entirely around security, encryption and identity protection.

Some companies began to release smartphones incorporating to create curved form factors, such as the and. In October 2013, announced, a concept for a platform that would allow users to customize and upgrade their phones with add-on modules that attached magnetically to a frame. Ara was retained by Google following its sale of Motorola Mobility to, but was shelved in 2016. That year, LG and Motorola both unveiled smartphones featuring a limited form of modularity for accessories; the allowed accessories to be installed via the removal of its battery compartment, while the utilizes accessories attached magnetically to the rear of the device. By 2014, displays began to appear on high-end smartphones.

In 2015, Sony released the, featuring a display, although only images and videos could actually be rendered at that resolution (all other software is upscaled from 1080p). Microsoft, expanding upon the concept of Motorola's short-lived 'Webtop', unveiled functionality for its that allows supported devices to be for use with a PC-styled. Other major technologies began to trend in 2016, including a focus on and experiences catered towards smartphones, the newly introduced connector, and improving LTE technologies. As of 2015, the global for smartphone ownership was 43%. Has forecast that 2.87 billion people will own smartphones in 2020.

Future possible developments. A smartphone touchscreen One of the main characteristics of smartphones is their. It fills some of the device's front surface (about 70%), however, with the newest smartphones like the and, most of the available space on the front is dedicated to the display in a style referred to as 'edge-to-edge.'

Many of the displays have an of; some are or other ratios. They are measured in diagonal, starting from 2.45 inches.

Phones with screens larger than 5.2 inches are often called '.' Smartphones with screens over 4.5 inches commonly are difficult to use with only a single hand, since most thumbs cannot reach the entire screen surface; they may need to be shifted around in the hand, held in one hand and manipulated by the other, or used in place with both hands. Are the most common; others are, and displays.

In the 2010s, screens, which can be used by visually impaired people are being developed. It is expected that Braille screens will use some type of technology. In addition, some displays are integrated with pressure-sensitive digitizers, such as those developed by and. ’s models allows users to have greater precision when drawing. Starting with the, released pressure sensitivity for their mobiles under the name.

’s uniquely utilizes the digitizer by giving users the availability to display additional menus and options by applying pressure to specified icons. Accessories A wide range of accessories are sold for smartphones, including cases, power charging cables, wireless power stations, adapters (for connecting USB drives and or, in some cases, a HDMI cable to an external monitor), add-on batteries, headphones, combined headphone-microphones (which, for example, allow a person to privately conduct calls on the device without holding it to the ear), and -enabled that enable users to listen to media from their smartphones wirelessly. Cases range from relatively inexpensive rubber or soft plastic cases which provide moderate protection from bumps and good protection from scratches to more expensive, heavy-duty cases that combine a rubber padding with a hard outer shell. Some cases have a 'book'-like form, with a cover that the user opens to use the device; when the cover is closed, it protects the screen. Some 'book'-like cases have additional pockets for credit cards, thus enabling people to use them as. Accessories include products sold by the manufacturer of the smartphone and compatible products made by other manufacturers.

A high-capacity portable battery charger. Smartphone battery life, nowadays, is generally adequate, however, earlier smartphone battery life was poor due to the weak batteries that could not handle the significant power requirements of the smartphones' computer systems and color screens. There is a trend towards using batteries that the user cannot replace. To extend, smartphone users purchase additional chargers for use outside the home, at work, and in cars and by buying portable external 'battery packs'. External battery packs include generic models which are connected to the smartphone with a cable and custom-made models that 'piggyback' onto a smartphone's case. Most recently, Samsung had to recall millions of the smartphones due to an explosive battery issue. For consumer convenience, wireless charging stations have been introduced in some hotels, bars, and other public spaces.

Software Mobile operating systems. Several smartphones (2015-2016) running Android OS is a mobile operating system founded by, now owned and developed by, and backed by an industry consortium known as the. It is an platform with optional components, including a suite of flagship software for, and the application and content storefront. Android was officially introduced via the release of its inaugural device, the (T-Mobile G1) on 20 October 2008. As an open source product, Android has also been the subject of third-party development.

Development groups have used the Android source code to develop and distribute their own modified versions of the operating system, such as, to add features to the OS and provide newer versions of Android to devices that no longer receive official updates from their vendor. Versions of Android have also been adopted by other vendors, such as, who used its ' on a range of and the. As it is a non-proprietary platform that has shipped on devices covering a wide range of market segments, Android has seen significant adoption. Estimated that 325 million Android smartphones were sold during the fourth quarter of 2015, leading all other platforms., who produces Android devices, was also the top smartphone vendor across all platforms in the same period of time. Android is the top-selling smartphone OS in 2016. Android Pay is available on Android software. Main article: (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed by primarily for its product line.

The was first unveiled in January 2007. The device introduced numerous design concepts that have been adopted by modern smartphone platforms, such as the use of gestures for navigation, eschewing physical controls such as physical keyboard in favor of those rendered by the operating system itself on its touchscreen (including the keyboard), and the use of —making features and controls within the user interface resemble real-world objects and concepts in order to improve their usability. In 2008, Apple introduced the, a centralized storefront for purchasing new software for iPhone devices.

IOS can also integrate with Apple's desktop music program to sync media to a personal computer. The dependency on a PC was removed with the introduction of on later versions of iOS, which provides synchronization of user data via internet servers between multiple devices.

The iPhone line's early dominance was credited with reshaping the smartphone industry, and helping make Apple one of the world's most valuable publicly traded companies by 2011. However, the iPhone and iOS have generally been in second place in worldwide market share.

Windows 10 Mobile. Main article: (formerly known as ) is from. It is closed source and proprietary.

It has the third largest installed base on smartphones behind Android and iOS. Unveiled on February 15, 2010, Windows Phone includes a user interface inspired by Microsoft's.

It is integrated with Microsoft services such as and, games and, but also integrates with many other non-Microsoft services such as and. Windows Phone devices are made primarily by /, and also by and. In January 2015, Microsoft announced that its Windows Phone brand will be phased out and replaced with Windows 10 Mobile, bringing tighter integration and unification with its PC counterpart, and provide a platform for smartphones and tablets with screen sizes under 8 inches.

Windows Mobile smartphone series has had poor adoption, that also led to a decrease in third-party applications, and some vendors ended their support for Windows Mobile altogether. As of 2016, Windows 10 Mobile global market share dropped below 0.6%. Main article: In 1999, released its first BlackBerry devices, providing secure real-time push-email communications on wireless devices. Services such as BlackBerry Messenger provide the integration of all communications into a single inbox.

In September 2012, RIM announced that the 200 millionth BlackBerry smartphone was shipped. As of September 2014, there were around 46 million active BlackBerry service subscribers. In early 2010s, RIM has undergone a platform transition, changing its company name to and making new devices on a new platform named '. Windows Mobile. Main article: Windows Mobile was based on the and first appeared as the 2000 operating system. Throughout its lifespan, the operating system was available in both touchscreen and non-touchscreen formats. It was supplied with a suite of applications developed with the Microsoft Windows API and was designed to have features and appearance somewhat similar to desktop versions of Windows.

Third parties could develop software for Windows Mobile with no restrictions imposed by Microsoft. Software applications were eventually purchasable from Windows Marketplace for Mobile during the service's brief lifespan. Windows Mobile was eventually phased out in favor of OS. A smartphone (2005) running OS, which was highly popular in Europe and Asia in the 2000s Symbian was originally developed by as.

It was the world's most widely used smartphone operating system until Q4 2010, though the platform never gained popularity in the U.S., as it did in Europe and Asia. The first Symbian phone, the touchscreen Ericsson R380 Smartphone, was released in 2000, and was the first device marketed as a 'smartphone'. It combined a PDA with a mobile phone.

Variants of Symbian OS began to emerge, most notably Symbian UIQ, MOAP and S60, each supported by different manufacturers. With the creation of Symbian Foundation in 2008, Symbian OS was unified under one variant under the stewardship of Nokia.

In February 2011, Nokia announced that it would replace Symbian with Windows Phone as the operating system on all of its future smartphones, with the platform being abandoned over the following few years. Firefox OS.

Main article: was demonstrated by in February 2012. It was designed to have a complete community-based alternative system for mobile devices, using open standards and applications. The first commercially available Firefox OS phones were ZTE Open and Alcatel One Touch Fire. As of 2014, more companies had partnered with Mozilla including (which was making a with Firefox OS) and Sony. In December 2015, Mozilla announced that it would phase out development of Firefox OS for smartphones, and would reposition the project to focus on other forms of Internet-connected devices.

Main article: webOS is a proprietary mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which launched with the. After being acquired by HP, two phones (the and the ) and a tablet (the ) running webOS were introduced in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware was to be discontinued but would continue to support and update webOS software and develop the webOS ecosystem.

HP released webOS as open source under the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features. On February 25, 2013 HP announced the sale of WebOS to LG Electronics, who used the operating system for its current 'smart' or Internet-connected TVs, but not smartphones. In January 2014, has announced that it has acquired technology patents from HP, which includes all the WebOS patents.

A Treo 300 smartphone (2002) In late 2001, launched the GSM phone module with limited success. In May 2002, Handspring released the Palm OS smartphone, which did not support Springboard, with both a touchscreen and a full keyboard. The Treo had wireless web browsing, email, calendar, a contact organizer and mobile third-party applications that could be downloaded or synced with a computer. Handspring was purchased by which released the and continued releasing Treo devices with a few Treo devices using Windows Mobile.

MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin. Main articles:, and MeeGo is an operating system created from the source code of (produced by Intel) and (produced by Nokia). Before that, Nokia used Maemo on some of its smartphones and internet tablets (such as Nokia N810 and N900).

MeeGo was originally envisioned to power a variety of devices from netbooks, tablets to smartphones and smart TVs. However, the only smartphones which used MeeGo was the and (MeeGo v1.2 Harmattan). Following Nokia's decision to move to Windows Phone OS in 2011 and to cease MeeGo development, the Linux Foundation canceled MeeGo in September 2011 in favor of the development of Tizen.

Ubuntu Touch. Main article: Ubuntu Touch (also known as Ubuntu Phone) is a mobile version of the developed by and Ubuntu Community. It is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Other Linux In 2003, launched the first smartphone to use, the handset. While the initial release was limited to a single high-end handset only available in the Asia-Pacific region, the maker's intention was to eventually use Linux on most of its handsets, including the lower-end models.

Further models to use Linux such as the A1200i in 2005 and several successors to the Ming line would be unveiled through 2010. In late 2009, Motorola released the, the first of Motorola's smartphones to run the Linux-based Android operating system.

Subsequently Motorola stopped developing phones based on other Linux variants. Mobile app. Main article: The introduction of Apple's App Store for the iPhone and iPod Touch in July 2008 popularized manufacturer-hosted for third-party applications ( and ) focused on a single platform. There are a huge variety of apps, including, music products and business tools.

Up until that point, smartphone application distribution depended on providing applications for multiple platforms, such as, and. Following the success of the App Store, other smartphone manufacturers launched application stores, such as Google's Android Market (now ) and RIM's in April 2009. In February 2014, 93% of were targeting smartphones first for mobile app development. Sales Since 1996, smartphone shipments have had positive growth. In November 2011, 27% of all photographs created were taken with camera-equipped smartphones.

In September 2012, a study concluded that 4 out of 5 smartphone owners use the device to shop online. Global smartphone sales surpassed the sales figures for feature phones in early 2013. Worldwide shipments of smartphones topped 1 billion units in 2013, up 38% from 2012's 725 million, while comprising a 55% share of the mobile phone market in 2013, up from 42% in 2012. In Q1 2016 for the first time the shipments dropped by 3 percent. The situation was caused by the maturing China market. By manufacturer Worldwide Smartphones Vendors Market Share Source Date Others Reference Q1 2017 20.7% 13.7% 9.0% 8.1% 6.8% 41.7% Q1 2017 23.3% 14.7% 10.0% 7.5% 5.5% 39.0% In 2011, Samsung had the highest shipment worldwide, followed by Apple. In 2013, Samsung had 31.3% market share, a slight increase from 30.3% in 2012, while Apple was at 15.3%, a decrease from 18.7% in 2012.

Huawei, LG and Lenovo were at about 5% each, significantly better than 2012 figures, while others had about 40%, the same as the previous years figure. Only Apple lost market share, although their shipment volume still increased by 12.9 percent; the rest had significant increases in shipment volumes of 36 to 92 percent.

In Q1 2014, Samsung had a 31% share and Apple had 16%. In Q4 2014, Apple had a 20.4% share and Samsung had 19.9%. In Q2 2016, Samsung had a 22.3% share and Apple had 12.9%. In Q1 2017, IDC reported that Samsung was first placed, with 80 million units, followed by Apple with 50.8 million, Huawei with 34.6 million, Oppo with 25.5 million and Vivo with 22.7 million. Samsung's mobile business is half the size of Apple's, by revenue. Apple business has been increasing very rapidly over the past 4 years.

By operating system Worldwide operating system market share for smartphones Source Date Others Reference Q1 2017 86.1% 13.7% 0.2% The market has been dominated by the Android operating system since 2010. Android's market share (measured by units shipment) rose from 33.2% in Q4 2011 to 81.7% of the market in Q4 2016. Apple's market share oscillated between 18% and 12.5% during the same period. Windows Phone market share also oscillated between 1.5% and 0.3% during the same time frame. As of the end of Q4 2016, Android was the most popular operating system sold with new smartphones with an 81.7% market share, followed by iOS with 17.9%, Windows 10 Mobile with 0.3% and other OSes at 0.1%.

Historical sales figures, in millions Year Android (Google) iOS (Apple) Windows Mobile/Phone (Microsoft) BlackBerry (formerly RIM) Symbian (Nokia) Palm/WebOS (Palm/HP) Bada (Samsung) Other Total 2007 3.3 14.7 11.77 77.68 1.76 1 11.42 16.5 23.15 72.93 2.51 1 6.8 24.89 15.03 34.35 80.88 1.19 1 67.22 46.6 12.38 47.45 111.58 2 219.52 89.26 8.77 51.54 93.41 9.6 14.24 4 451.62 130.13 16.94 34.21 15.9 47.20 6 758.72 150.79 30.84 18.61 18.82 9 1,004.68 191.43 35.13 7.91 5.75 1,244.90 Use Social. Main article: A 2012 study found that activity was more common among owners of smartphones.

A study conducted by the 's (RPI) Lighting Research Center (LRC) concluded that smartphones, or any backlit devices, can seriously affect. Some persons might become psychologically attached to smartphones resulting in anxiety when separated from the devices. A ' (a combination of 'smartphone' and ') is a walking person using a smartphone and not paying attention as they walk, possibly risking an accident in the process, an increasing social phenomenon.

The issue of slow-moving smartphone users led to the temporary creation of a 'mobile lane' for walking in,. The issue of distracted smartphone users led the city of to embed pedestrian traffic lights in the pavement.

While driving. A user consulting a mapping app on a phone.

Mobile phone use while driving - including talking on the phone, texting, playing media, using mapping apps or operating other phone features - is common but controversial, since it is widely considered dangerous due to what's known as. Being distracted while operating a motor vehicle has been shown to increase the risk of.

In September 2010, the US (NHTSA) reported that 995 people were killed by drivers distracted by phones. In March 2011 a US insurance company, announced the results of a study which showed 19% of drivers surveyed accessed the Internet on a smartphone while driving. Many jurisdictions prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. In Egypt, Israel, Japan, Portugal and Singapore, both handheld and hands-free on a mobile phone (which uses a ) is banned. In other countries including the UK and France and in many US states, only the use of calling on handheld phones is banned, while hands-free use is permitted. A 2011 study reported that over 90% of college students surveyed text (initiate, reply or read) while driving. The on the danger of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, or, is limited.

A simulation study at the found a sixfold increase in distraction-related accidents when texting. Due to the complexity of smartphones, this has introduced additional difficulties for law enforcement officials when attempting to distinguish one usage from another in drivers using their devices. This is more apparent in countries which ban both handheld and hands-free usage, rather than those which ban handheld use only, as officials cannot easily tell which function of the phone is being used simply by looking at the driver. This can lead to drivers being stopped for using their device illegally for a call when, in fact, they were using the device legally, for example, when using the phone's incorporated controls for car stereo,.

A sign along in states that using mobile phones while driving is prohibited from 7:30 am to 9:30 am and from 2:00 pm to 4:15 pm A 2010 study reviewed the incidence of phone use while and its effects on behavior and safety. In 2013 a national survey in the US reported the number of drivers who reported using their phones to access the Internet while driving had risen to nearly one of four. A study conducted by the University of Vienna examined approaches for reducing inappropriate and problematic use of mobile phones, such as using phones while driving. Accidents involving a driver being distracted by on a phone have begun to be prosecuted as negligence similar to speeding. In the, from 27 February 2007, motorists who are caught using a hand-held phone while driving will have three penalty points added to their license in addition to the fine of 60.

This increase was introduced to try to stem the increase in drivers ignoring the law. Prohibits all use of phones while driving, including use of hands-free devices. New Zealand has banned handheld phone use since 1 November 2009. Many states in the United States have banned text messaging on phones while driving.

Illinois became the 17th American state to enforce this law. As of July 2010, 30 states had banned texting while driving, with Kentucky becoming the most recent addition on July 15. Maintains a list of distracted driving laws in the. This database of laws provides a comprehensive view of the provisions of laws that restrict the use of mobile devices while driving for all 50 states and the District of Columbia between 1992, when first law was passed through December 1, 2010. The dataset contains information on 22 dichotomous, continuous or categorical variables including, for example, activities regulated (e.g., texting versus talking, hands-free versus handheld calls, web browsing, gaming), targeted populations, and exemptions.

Main article: A 'patent war' between Samsung and Apple started when the latter claimed that the original Android phone copied the interface‍—‌and possibly the hardware‍—‌of Apple's iOS for the. There was also smartphone patents licensing and litigation involving, and, among others. The conflict is part of the between multinational technology and software corporations. To secure and increase, companies granted a can sue to prevent competitors from using the methods the patent covers. Since 2010 the number of lawsuits, counter-suits, and trade complaints based on patents and in the market for smartphones, and devices based on such as and, has increased significantly. Initial suits, countersuits, rulings, license agreements, and other major events began in 2009 as the smartphone market grew more rapidly.

Main articles:, and Smartphone malware is easily distributed through an insecure. Often malware is hidden in versions of legitimate apps, which are then distributed through third-party app stores.

Malware risk also comes from what's known as an 'update attack', where a legitimate application is later changed to include a malware component, which users then install when they are notified that the app has been updated. As well, one out of three robberies in 2012 in the United States involved the theft of a mobile phone. An online petition has urged smartphone makers to install in their devices. In 2014, Apple's 'Find my iPhone' and Google's 'Android Device Manager' can disable phones that have been lost/stolen. With BlackBerry Protect in OS version 10.3.2, devices can be rendered unrecoverable to even BlackBerry's own Operating System recovery tools if incorrectly authenticated or dissociated from their account.

Main article: Using smartphones late at night can disturb sleep, due to the brightly lit screen affecting levels and. In an effort to alleviate these issues, several apps that change the of a screen to a warmer hue based on the time of day to reduce the amount of blue light generated have been developed for Android, while integrated similar, system-level functionality known as 'Night Shift'. Amazon released a feature known as 'blue shade' in their Fire OS 'Bellini' 5.0 and later.

It has also been theorized that for some users, addicted use of their phones, especially before they go to bed, can result in '. Many people also use their phones as alarm clocks, which can also lead to loss of sleep. Terminology ', a of the words phone and tablet, describes smartphones with larger screens.

'Superphone' is also used by some companies to market phones with unusually large screens and other expensive features. 'Ultra Premium' is a term used to identify a smartphone which has top of the line materials. See also. Budmar, Patrick (11 July 2012).

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